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What we think
We distil and translate the latest developments in public policy, regulation and governance


SwanFS Report: Potential Impacts of February 2026 Regulatory Developments on CASP Business Models and Revenue Generation
Executive Summary February 2026 represented a structural inflexion point for the global digital asset industry. Regulatory frameworks across major jurisdictions—from the Parliamentary enactment of the UK’s Final Crypto Regime Statutory Instrument to the EU’s AMLA data collection initiatives and the operational onset of the U.S. Treasury’s broker tax reporting—have definitively transitioned from conceptual rulemaking to active enforcement and structural market integration. For
James Ross
Mar 64 min read


Swan FS Global Regulatory Developments Report: November 2025
Executive Summary November 2025 represents a watershed moment in global financial regulation, characterised by a stark bifurcation in regulatory philosophy between the Atlantic powers. In the European Union, the transition to granular operational enforcement reached its zenith with the designation of Critical ICT Third-Party Providers (CTPPs) under the Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA) and the finalisation of technical standards under the Markets in Crypto-Assets Regu
James Ross
Dec 3, 20257 min read


SwanFS Analysis of the Bank of England’s Proposed Regulatory Regime for Systemic Sterling Stablecoins
Introduction: A ‘Multi-Money’ System and the Grand Bargain: Contextualising the November 2025 Consultation The Bank of England (BoE) consultation paper (CP) published on 10 November 2025, ‘Proposed regulatory regime for sterling-denominated systemic stablecoins’, represents a pivotal and pragmatic evolution in the United Kingdom’s approach to digital assets. This document is not a preliminary discussion; it is a mature, highly detailed, and commercially aware proposal. It has
James Ross
Nov 11, 202518 min read


SwanFS: Key Considerations for Crypto Asset Service Providers, arising from recent developments
I. Executive Summary This week’s developments signal an evolution in the regulatory environment, shifting from theoretical risk to tangible enforcement actions and notable strategic divergence among key jurisdictions. For Crypto Asset Service Providers (CASPs), the global landscape now presents three primary areas of focus that merit careful consideration for our operational, product, and legal strategies. Enforcement and AML/CTF Scrutiny. The €21.46 million fine imposed by
James Ross
Nov 9, 202515 min read


Global Regulatory Developments: September 2025
Executive Summary September 2025 marked a critical phase in the maturation of the European Union’s digital asset regulatory landscape....
James Ross
Oct 1, 202513 min read


The U.S. Approach to the Regulation of Digital Asset Regulatory Framework
Executive Summary The year 2025 represents a watershed moment for digital asset regulation in the United States, marked by the...
James Ross
Aug 12, 20256 min read


UK Digital Asset Regulation: the Evolving Framework
Executive Summary The United Kingdom is executing a phased and comprehensive strategy to integrate digital assets into its established...
James Ross
Aug 11, 20254 min read


Global Digital Markets Regulation Intensifies in May with Focus on Stablecoins, Market Structure, and CBDCs
Global efforts to establish clear regulatory frameworks for digital assets gained significant momentum in May, with a concentrated focus...
James Ross
Jun 2, 20254 min read


Global Regulatory Developments in Digital Assets: December 2024Executive Summary: Global Regulatory Developments in Digital Assets - December 2024
There was significant regulatory activity in December 2024. Globally, on establishing comprehensive frameworks for digital assets,...
James Ross
Jan 1, 20254 min read


FCA Crypto Roadmap
The FCA Crypto Roadmap outlines the planned policy publications and timelines for regulating crypto assets in the UK. It sets out a...
James Ross
Nov 26, 20241 min read


2024: A Year of Regulatory Reckoning in Digital Markets
The digital landscape underwent significant changes in 2024 as regulators worldwide tightened their control over the industry. Every...
James Ross
Sep 29, 20245 min read


Key International Reports on Digital Markets and Assets Regulation (July 2024)
July 2024 marked a significant month for international reports addressing the evolving landscape of digital markets and assets. These...
James Ross
Aug 6, 20243 min read


UK's Evolving Regulatory Framework for Digital Assets and Markets: A Deep Dive
The United Kingdom is forging a comprehensive regulatory framework for digital assets and markets to balance innovation, consumer...
James Ross
Aug 5, 20247 min read


The Bank of England's Balancing Act: Navigating Innovation in the Age of Digital Money
The Bank of England (BoE) has released a discussion paper outlining its forward-looking approach to the rapidly evolving landscape of...
James Ross
Aug 3, 20243 min read


The Future of Finance: Key Regulatory Developments in July 2024
The financial landscape is rapidly transforming, driven by technological advancements and evolving market dynamics. In July 2024, several...
James Ross
Aug 1, 20243 min read


Hong Kong's Stablecoin Regulations: A New Era for Digital Assets
Hong Kong is forging ahead in regulating stablecoins, establishing a comprehensive framework to foster innovation while ensuring investor...
James Ross
Jul 30, 20242 min read


UK's New Crypto Regulations: A Deep Dive into the FCA's Proposed Stablecoin Regime
The United Kingdom is taking steps to regulate the growing crypto-asset market, focusing on stablecoins. Here is a recap of the Financial...
James Ross
Jul 25, 20243 min read
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The posts listed on the 'What we think' webpages are our interpretation of key developments we have been reading about. They should not be considered legal, regulatory or other advice. Contact us if you want to understand the impact of public policy, regulation and governance changes for you.
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